Native American Tribe The Tribes Of Now Arizona And New...

Starting in the 1400s, the Native American tribe called the Dineh occupied the territories of now Arizona and New Mexico. In their language, Dineh means â€Å"the people†, in which they call their homeland Dinetah. They got the name Navajo from the Spanish so that they wouldn t get confused with the Apache tribe, for they looked very much alike. The Navajo had a unique lifestyle and focused on art, religion, and farming. They had many conflicts with their neighbors and especially the United States Army. When they were relocated to different parts of the South, they had the integrity and unification to presume their traditions, especially their art and religion. The Navajo had a lifestyle that is not too diverse than the American style of living today. They lived in homes, raised livestock, and the public had roles that are a bit similar to ones in our society. They lived in cone shaped houses called hogans. At first, logs and poles were used as framework, but in later years, they used stone or adobe. The doorways always faced east so that the first thing the family saw was the morning sun. They also raised livestock to increase herds instead of the usual in which the tribe would use up the supply for food. They first received goats and sheep from the Spanish, in which they used for meat, milk, and wool. They also acquired horses at about the same time. Horses gave them greater mobility during raiding and hunting activity. The roles of the people are also similar to the worldShow MoreRelatedThe Apache Indians Long And Proud Culture1803 Words   |  8 PagesAs we know, the first Americans to inhabit what is now the United States was not the Europeans, but instead Native Americans. Part of our great nation’s history involves history that is not always so great. Our country has endured many wars, struggles, economic and agricultural hardship and history that many would call shameful. However, the United States has evolved over hundreds of years and has transcended its very existence and influenced every corner of the globe, because of those past hardshipsRead MoreThe Apache Indians Long And Proud Culture Essay2231 Words   |  9 PagesThe First Americans As we know, the first people to inhabit the United States were not the Europeans, but instead the Native Americans. Part of our great nation’s history involves a history that is not always so great. Our country has endured many wars, struggles, economic and agricultural hardship and a history that many would call shameful. However, the United States has evolved over hundreds of years and has transcended its very existence and influenced every corner of the globe, because of thoseRead MoreWar Between Europeans And Indians1745 Words   |  7 Pagesas, mutual feelings of being superior, have infused relations between Native Americans and non-Natives in North America. Intertribal conflicts among the Indians, and nationalistic rivalries, lacking faith, and expansion desires on the part of non-natives worsened these tensions. The resulting white and native conflicts often took a particularly bad turn and resulted in the near destruction of the native people(Native American). War between Europeans and Indians was common back in the 1600s. In 1622Read MoreArizona’s Historical Development2438 Words   |  10 Pagesdates back to thousands of years ago. Arizona holds the second largest amount of indigenous/ Native American population of any other state in the United States. One of the first groups of people to live on Arizona’s land was the Native Americans, or otherwise called the American Indians. These Natives came much before any of the Europeans, or the Spanish settlers came to Arizona. There were three main Native American groups that truly began the exploration of Arizona. These groups include the AnasaziRead MoreArizona s History And Government1131 Words   |  5 Pagesownership of land titles, Arizona has shed tears of joy and tears of fear. Enveloped in a war-like atmosphere within its society and its culture Arizona continues to find its own identity, filled with diversity and a more united way of living. Long before Mexicans and Europeans entered Arizona land, it was occupied by indigenous nations. These Indian tribes, also known as the Cochise tribes were made up of 3 specific groups: The Hohokam, Anazazi, and the Mogollon natives (Gawronski, 14). OriginatingRead MoreAlbert Kinsey Helped Change The American Public s Preconceptions On Sexuality935 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Question #2 Albert Kinsey helped change the American Public’s preconceptions on sexuality by publishing two bestselling books from 1947 to 1953 on the topic. Titled â€Å"American Sexual Behavior† and â€Å"Sexual Behavior in the Human Female†, these books both confirmed and challenged the generally held beliefs dealing with marriage, sexual gratification, and sexual orientation. Sex was deemed important for a healthy marriage, adultery was frequent and homosexuals weren’t weird anomalies. Hugh HefnerRead MoreThe Apache Indians Essay1108 Words   |  5 Pages The Apaches, like most Native Americans, have no written history other than that written by white men. But the story of the Apaches did not begin in the American Southwest but in the northwestern corner of North America, the western Subarctic region of Alaska and Canada. The Apache Indians belong to the southern branch of the Athabascan group, whose languages constitute a large family, with speakers in Alaska, western Canada, and American Southwest. The fact that the Apaches originated in the westernRead MoreEssay on Navajo-Hopi Lande Dispute1679 Words   |  7 Pages When first considering the Navajo-Hopi land dispute as a topic of research, I anticipated a relatively light research paper discussing the local skirmishes between the two tribes. However, my research has yielded innumerable volumes of facts, figures and varying viewpoints on a struggle that has dominated the two tribes for over 100 years. The story is an ever-changing one, evolving from local conflict to forcible relocation to big business interests. The incredible breadth of the disputesRead MoreThe Mexican American War Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pagesneighbors, The United states and Mexico during 1846 to 1848 was a defining for both the nations. United States became a continental power as Mexico lost half of its territory, the present American Southwest from Texas to California. THE GEOGRAPHICAL BORDERLANDS The region which Mexico lost to united states is a region with own diverse history and culture. It is the present day states of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. Mexican, Native American and Anglo American cultures were clashed and blendedRead MoreAmeric The Columbian Exchange1180 Words   |  5 Pagesencounters between europeans and natives of the American continents resulted in a vast diffusion of food, livestock, technology, and diseases. This later became known as the Columbian Exchange. Two of the most influential things to be traded between the groups was horses, used for hunting and agricultural improvement, and diseases, such as smallpox, measles, yellow fever, typhus, and malaria. Diseases depleted many Native American populations, destroyed American Indian societies , and allowed europeans

Affirmative Action in Universities - 728 Words

Affirmative Action in University Admissions All across America, universities have been denying highly qualified applicants to accept minorities who are usually less qualified. These admissions processes misuse the basic principle of affirmative action. Affirmative action is a mandate that says that minorities should be given special opportunities. In 1952, when President D.W. Eisenhower was in office, he decided to let the states decide whether or not to use affirmative action (Affirmative Action). Eleven years later, when John F. Kennedy was president, he made it mandatory for all government funded organizations to enforce affirmative action. In theory Kennedy’s mandate also applies to all public universities even though it was not directly stated. A study taken in 2009 by Princeton sociologists shows that of the students with a 3.2-3.39 GPA applied to medical school, â€Å"Asian Americans had an acceptance rate of 7.7%, while African Americans had a 67.3% acceptance ra te† (Espenshade, Radford). While this supports minorities, 1st and 2nd generation Asian Americans are often left with the worst disadvantage. This clearly shows that Kennedy’s mandate is too strong to regulate the nation’s education system. The best way to enforce affirmative action is to set new guidelines that are more fair and equitable for all and to charge a large fee for universities caught infringing upon it. This will not only solve the discrimination in the admissions process, but alsoShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action Was Created By Universities2060 Words   |  9 Pages Throughout its earlier beginnings, Affirmative action was created by Universities who were obliged to improve the educational opportunities of groups who have experienced prejudice in the past, however defies the basis of American civilization. The leading figures in American Independence battled adversity to create an equal chance for all people. â€Å"Martin Luther King, Jr., said in 1963, ‘I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold thoseRead MoreEssay Affirmative Action within Universities1811 Words   |  8 Pagesschool, housing, and employment affirmative action policies. Sadly though, many people are unaware of the fact that there has been an upsurge in hate crimes and racial profiling. Because of this, there is a chasm between black and white success in schools, career prospects, housing, and quality of health care (Sadler 1140-1141). But in recent years, affirmative action has been questioned. Michigan, Washington, California and Florida have outlawed affirmative action policies, and Colorado and NebraskaRead More The University of Michigan Should NOT Use Affirmative Action1533 Words   |  7 PagesThe University of Michigan Should NOT Use Affirmative Action Imagine, your walking down the street looking for a job. You see a sign in the window that says, â€Å"Whites encouraged to apply.† Imagine the period in time when just being white got you into a college, without any other considerations of grades or athletic ability. Those were the days of the Jim Crow laws. Now these instances have happened in the past 20 years, through new laws called Affirmative Action. The big argument is over theseRead MoreImplementing University Affirmative Action Case Study1180 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper I will be discussing implementing university affirmative action policies - policies that favour members of typically discriminated and disadvantaged groups through easier admission criterion - and justifying them as they not only serve as compensation for historical injustices, but are also beneficial for society as a whole. I will also be rebutting the viewpoint that affirmative action is never justified as compensation for historical in justices due to the non-identity principleRead MoreAffirmative Action : Fisher V The University Of Texas Essay1863 Words   |  8 Pages Affirmative Action: Fisher v The University of Texas Affirmative Action. For many Texas high school students, these two words haunt them. Their future, or at least their future at the University of Texas, depends on these words. For Abigail Noel Fisher, a 2008 graduate from Sugar Land, Texas, affirmative action and its race bias policies allegedly ruined her chances of getting into this prestigious state university. Fisher argues that race should not be a factor in college admissions processesRead MoreThe Supreme Court s Decision On Affirmative Action On The Fisher V. University Of Texas Case2292 Words   |  10 PagesThe newspaper article appears to be a news report about the Supreme Court’s decision on affirmative action on the Fisher v. University of Texas case. The purpose of this text is to inform readers about the decision and the view point of officials who agree and disagree with affirmative action, as well of those who are in between and those who don’t think we are close to solving this issue. The author, Adam Liptak, focuses on writing about the United States Supreme Court, and is graduate from Yale;Read MoreRace Based Affirmative Action On Higher Education Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesRace-Based Affirmative Action in Higher Education In 1961, President John F. Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925, which created the Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, or CEEO. One purpose of the CEEO was to â€Å"recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination† (Kennedy). This executive order planted the seeds that grew into what is today known as â€Å"race-based affirmative action,† or theRead MoreAffirmative Action Is The Perfect Plan1173 Words   |  5 PagesAffirmative Action On March 6th, 1955, President John F. Kennedy signed executive order 10925 enforcing that government corporations not discriminate against anyone based off their race and skin color. This became â€Å"positive† discrimination otherwise known as affirmative action. Affirmative action is a method benefiting anyone who have experienced discrimination particular to one’s education and/ or employment (Affirmative Action). In today’s age affirmative action is creating â€Å"reverse racism† dueRead MoreArgument Against Affirmative Action Policies Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesGroups that are in refutation of Affirmative Action professor Gary Becker, who states â€Å"Affirmative Action policies lowers standards of account ability need to push employees or student to perform better.† (Becker) Becker’s meaning behind this argument is that students or employees who are affecting by affirmative action tend to try harder than they should know that they are going to be accepted just because of Affirmative Action policies. Becker say this type of polices eventually hurts more thanRead MoreAffirmative Action Is The Most Important Modern Anti Discrimination1578 Words   |  7 PagesColumbia in the United States of America once said that â€Å"affirmative action is the most important modern anti-discrimination technique ever instituted in the United States. It is the one tool that has had a demonstrable effect on discrimination. No one who knows anything about the subject would say it hasn t worked. It has certainly done something, or else it wouldn t have provoked so much opposition†. This means that affirmative action is a modern anti-discrimination technique that has been

Motor Control and Fine Motor Skills Essay Sample free essay sample

Create posters/ a leaflet/ tabular arraies to sketch the expected forms of kids and immature individual development from birth to 19. to include Social. Physical. Intellectual. Communication and Emotional development. Besides identify age appropriate activities that can advance accomplishments in each country of development. ContentssPage 1 – IntroductionPage 2 and 3 – Physical DevelopmentPage 4 and 5 – Physical Development ActivitiesPage 6 and 7 – Intellectual DevelopmentPage 8 and 9 – Intellectual Development ActivitiesPage 9and 10 – Emotional and Social Development Page 11 and 12 – Emotional and Social Development Activities IntroductionThere are many phases within a child’s life where they grow and change throughout their childhood. I am traveling to analyze the 4 different countries of a child’s development from birth to 19 old ages old. All these countries inter nexus and I will besides briefly touch on activities which can assist with their development. The holistic parts of the development will be given through the 4 chief countries. these include: physical. rational. emotional and societal. SPICE stands for societal. physical. rational. communicating and emotional. Every kid develops at their ain rate and every kid is alone. Children do develop at different rates ; nevertheless the bulk tend to be somewhat above or below the mean growing line. but all kids will follow the same sequence adapted to their single degrees. When a kid is born. they get issued a ruddy book which contains centile charts that measure their growing in tallness and weight. At certain ages and phases of development these charts will be updated and each chart has an mean centile line to see where your kid should be at. Most kids follow this line ; nevertheless kids can be above or below this line for their age and phase. Social. emotional and behavioral development is how people feel about themselves. and associate to others. Having the assurance to go independent and do your ain manner in life. They besides need to larn what acceptable behavior is to develop independency. To make their ability and experience confident people need to be in a safe and unafraid environment. Physical development is a really of import country of a child’s development. Children frequently develop these accomplishments of course. but need to hold the chance to develop them in a assortment of ways. They will necessitate to develop gross motor accomplishments. for illustration throwing. walking and running. They need to besides develop all right motor accomplishments such as making up their apparels and keeping a pencil. Description of the Expected Patterns of Physical Development. Age| Gross Motor Skills| Fine Motor Skills|0-3 months| * Stepping Reflex. * Briefly keeps head up if held in sitting place. * Lifts caput ; visually follows easy moving objects. | * Holds object if placed in manus. * Begins to swipe at objects within ocular scope. | 3-9 months| * Sits up with some support. * Holds caput erect in sitting place. * Sits without support. can turn over over in level place. * Moves on custodies and articulatio genuss ( creeping ) . | * Reaches for and grasps objects. * Transfers objects from one manus to the other. * | 9-18 months| * Crawls and walks hold oning furniture. so without aid. * Squats and Stoops. | * Some marks of manus fancy like hold oning a spoon but with hapless purpose of nutrient to talk. | 18 months-2 years| * Walks backward and sideways * Roles ball to an grownup * Can run. walk good and mount stepss utilizing both pess * Pushes and pulls boxes and get downing to unscrew palpebras. | * Stalks two blocks and can set objects into little containers. * Shows clear manus fancy and can stack 4-5 blocks at older age. * Can pick things up without over reconciliation. | 2-3 years| * Runs easy and can mount up and down furniture unaided. * Hauls and shoves large playthings around an obstruction. | * Picks up little objects. * Can throw little ball forward whilst standing. | 3-7 years| * Walks upstairs and can walk on tiptoes. * Pedal points and tips a trike. * Skips on alternate pess and can walk on thin lines. slides and swings. | * Catches big ball between outstretched weaponries * Can cut paper with scissors and keep a pencil right * Plays ball games good and can weave needle. | 7-12 years| * Skips freely * Can sit a motorcycle without stabilizers. | * Writes single letters. * Can write good and has good pencil control. | 12-19 years| * Physical alterations in organic structure. pubescence begins. | * Brai ns developing with addition in reaction times and co ordination. | 0-3 Calendar monthsEncouraging gestures and traveling parts of the organic structure gently. 3-9 Calendar monthsLeting plentifulness of infinite for them to get down sitting up. making to catch objects and get downing to creep. 9-18 Calendar monthsAlways encourage the kids to walk by keeping your manus for support and leting pencils to color and do Markss with. 18 Months- 2 Old agesBy supplying activities that the kids can utilize the accomplishments they are developing and to widen them. 2-3 Old agesOffer activities like pulling and painting for all right motor accomplishments and play equipment or taking them to the park to play for gross motor accomplishments. 3-7 Old agesGiving the kids scissors to get down to develop their all right motor accomplishments further. They should be able to command a ball and have good balance in P. E. 7-12 Old agesGiving them activities where they can use gross motor accomplishments like football. rugger etc. They should hold freedom to utilize their all right motor accomplishments. 12-19 Old agesLeting activities in scientific discipline and art to rehearse their all right motor accomplishments and develop their gross motor accomplishments in different P. E lessons. Description of the Expected Patterns of Intellectual Development. Age| Intellectual Development|0-3 months| * Turns to soft light * Stares at carer * Cries when basic demands require attending * Stares at soft visible radiation * Gaze caught by and follows swinging ball| 3-9 months| * Follows motions of big and smaller objects * Very funny. easy distracted by motions * Puts everything in oral cavity * Watches toys autumn from manus within scope of vision| 9-18 months| * Looks in right way for falling toys * Immediately fixes sight on little objects near by and reaches out to hold on them * Drops toys intentionally and watches them fall – this is called ‘casting’ * Builds tower of three regular hexahedrons when shown * Looks in right topographic point for plaything that have rolled out of sight| 18 months- 2 years| * Builds tower of three regular hexahedrons when shown * Turns pages of books. several at a clip. enjoys image books and can indicate to a named object * Points to interesting objects outside * Points to parts of the body| 2-3 years| * Recognises familiar people at 6 meters * Copies circle and cross. draws adult male with caput * Matches two or three primary colours| 3-7 years| * Paints with big coppice. cuts with scissors * Matches symbols. letters and Numberss * Can foretell following events * Developing the ability to believe about several things at one time * Great wonder in relation to workings of his or her environment| 7-12 years| * Can ground and use logic to jobs * Can reassign information from one state of affairs and usage in another * Becoming more originative in drama * Reading and composing confidently * Increasing penchants for subjects| 12-19 years| * Developing ability to believe abstractly * Will inquiry beginnings of information * Becoming more globally cognizant * Clear penchants for humanistic disciplines or scientific disciplines * Choices associating to future instruction and callings being thought about 0-3 monthsYou should recognize the different calls the babe has by what the babe wants. 3-9 monthsMake sure you show involvement in the babe so he/she doesn’t feel neglected. 9-18 monthsLeting activities like mystifiers and edifice blocks to assist them patch things together. 18 months-2 old agesPromote different functions in life through playthings like. play kitchens and feign games. 2-3 old agesLeting kids to make small occupations around the place to assist the parents or carer out. 3-7 old agesAnswering any inquiries they ask and let them to be unfastened about any jobs. 7-12 old agesDevelop their reading and composing accomplishments further. Giving them activities to discourse thoughts and positions. 12-19 old agesGiving them independency and doing ain determinations. Description of the Expected Patterns of Social and Emotional Development. Age| Social and Emotional Development|0-3 months| * Shows exhilaration at sounds he/she likes. * Shows pleasance when being held and when spoken to. * Smiles. * Stares at parent or carer when being fed. | 3-9 months| * Holds bottle or chest when Federal. * Loves ‘rough and tumble’ drama. * Has front-runner playthings. * Copies seventh cranial nerves looks. * Interested in everything. | 9-18 months| * Loves image books. * Can imbibe from a cup with a palpebra. * Can assist discase self non dress. * Loves to play with walk along playthings. | 18 months-2 years| * More ready for lavatory preparation. * Likes frock up games. * Doesn’t suction on playthings any longer. * Drinks from a cup with no palpebra. | 2-3 years| * Still unwilling to portion. * Tidies up good. * Hates to be restrained. * Loves assisting with house work and jobs. | 3-7 years| * Is capable of utilizing a knife and fork. * Doesn’t like clean uping up. * Uses humour more in drama and conversations. * Shares good. * More self-efficient and really willing. | 7-12 years| * Passage from primary to secondary school. * Are witting of what other people think of them. * They will detect alteration around them and get down to detect emotional emphasis through relationships. * Get downing to develop more independency but realise they can’t do everything so makes them experience vulnerable. | 12-19 years| * Spends more clip with equals than household. * Begin to organize different individualities with apparels. hairdos. music. * Moodiness is common. * Peer force per unit area with smoke. imbibing. drugs. * Deciding what societal groups they socialise with in secondary school. | 0-3 monthsMaking certain you have a strong bond with your kid will hold a great consequence on their emotional development. Copy facial looks. 3-9 monthsGiving oculus contact and attending to the kid and demoing empotions and feelings. feelings. 9-18 monthsLeting them interact with other kids and they will demo different emotions in new state of affairss. 18 months- 2 old agesLeting independency every bit good as holding a good fond regard with the parents or caer. Encouraging inventive drama with other kids. 2-3 old agesMaking clear to the kids about boundaries and right and incorrect. 3-7 old agesLeting them to develop societal accomplishments with equals and promoting them to derive independency. 12-19 old agesSupporting the kids through the passage of primary to high school and through pubescence. 7-12 old agesLeting them independency and support through relationships with friends.

Lord Of The Flies By William Golding Essays (669 words)

Lord Of The Flies By William Golding In William Golding's novel, Lord of the Flies, a group of boys revert from civilized children to savages. The boys are stranded on a tropical island with no adults in authority to tell them what to do. Only one tool, a knife, and their intelligence provide the boys with the ways to survive. The story shows how the boys gradually loose their ability to behave in a socially acceptable way. They divide into two groups. One group tries to stay with normal behaviors. The other group changes into irrational savages. This descent into savagery is conveyed to the reader through the use of symbolism. The boys themselves represent the different facets of society from the calm and rational to the disorganized and irrational. Two of the boys have leadership skill. Ralph, one of the oldest of the boys, is voted in as the first leader. He brings all of the boys together and starts trying to figure out a way for the boys to get rescued. He sets up a signal fire. If any passing ships come by they may see the smoke and come and rescue them. Jack is the oldest of all of the boys and starts going along with Ralph. He slowly drifts away from what is wanted of him. He gets a group of kids together to go pig hunting. While they are hunting, the fire goes out. Ralph gets very angry with Jack for letting that happen. So Jack decides to form his own group. His group is called the hunters. The only things they live for is hunting pigs and killing the beast. They never really care if they ever get off the island. Ralph, the politician symbolizes a civilized and rational person; Jack, the hunters, symbolizes the uncivilized and irrational (1). Two boys are the victims in the story. Piggy, the fat, nearsighted asthmatic, is a rationalist who functions as Ralph's Prime Minister. He is the intelligent one. It is Piggy who teaches Ralph how to use the conch. Because Piggy has asthma, he can't blow into it himself (1). He has almost all of the answers to the boy's questions, but they do not like him. So they refuse listen to what he has to say. Piggy wears glasses. These symbolize political vision, which, until they break act as "the mirror of magistrates". Simon symbolizes Christ. He has been blessed and cursed with the gift of prophecy, but like Cassandra, on mythology, is doomed to be ignored. He is the sacrifice. He knows the evil that lives in man's devil-ridden nature, but he doesn't know how to say it to the others (2). He is killed by Jack's hunters. Symbolically, he is killed by the evil on the island to save the rest of humanity (3.). The power of good and evil are strong forces in the book and are represented by the pig's head, the conch, the paratrooper, the Beast, and the killing of Piggy. The conch is the symbol of authority and order. Whoever has it has total freedom to speak at the assembly. It is used by Ralph to gather all of the kids together for the assembly. The title of the book, Lord of the Flies, refers to the head of the pig, which is a translation of the Judeo-Christian word Beelzebub. Beelzebub was the right hand man of Satan. It represents the darker side of human nature (2). The paratrooper frightened the boys when they found him. The boys thought that he was the Beast. The Beast is another example of Satan. People fear Satan just as the boys feared the Beast. The death of Piggy and the breaking of the conch symbolize the destruction of Ralph's power (1). It is also the end of any hope the boys had of being sensible again. The flies symbolize death and decay, which are extensions of Satan (3). Lord of the Flies is about struggles and conflicts in society: good vs. evil. Civilization vs. society. Intelligence vs. emotion. Leadership vs. anarchy. Through these boys in a small island setting, William Golding's use of symbolism helps create a vivid picture of the action, the descent into savagery by a group of British students.

Erich Maria Remarque All Quiet on the Western Front essays

Erich Maria Remarque All Quiet on the Western Front essays The famous novel All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque relates the terrible experience of the First World War, its disasters and cruelty, from the perspective of a nineteen year old soldier, called Paul Bamer, who fights on the front accompanied by his former schoolmates. The war is described in all its absurdity, as a crashing experience for a human being and the very title of the novel speaks about the most terrible aspect of the war- human life itself is the target of the war and thus, it becomes meaningless. The death and the lives of the thousands of people that fight in the war are unimportant in the face of the political conflict. The war is seen as a trespassing against human condition itself because the experience is unendurable and devastating for all of its participants. Almost all the characters of novel whom we become acquainted with die, but death is not the only absurdity of the war. First of all, as the characters discuss it themselves the war is absurd as a strategy for resolving a political conflict, since the people that actually die on the front in the savage experience are, for their most part, ordinary people that do not have the chance to give their opinion or take part in the conflict, and also because of fact that the war is usually the absurd and exaggerated result of a misunderstanding caused by the different politics of two nations, of which neither is completely right: Apart from its absurd causes the war has even more absurd consequences on the lives of all those involved. As the terrible experiences of Paul and his comrades are presented, all the friends of Paul, and at the end he himself die, but this is not the only consequence. The novel is intentionally related from the subjective point of view of one character, instead of merely presenting objectively the series of deaths and slaughters that take place on the western front. Seeing through the eyes of Paul we ...

Free sample - The Sun vs. the Moon. translation missing

The Sun vs. the Moon. The Sun vs. the MoonThe humankind might not once have asked the question of WHO we really are. It’s quite obvious, even to say normal. Our curiosity is kindled by a genuine interest to reach the inner gist of Universe nature, to conceive the interrelation of the processes, phenomena taking place around us. The ghost of uncertainty and obscurity seems to haunt us unless we get down to bed-rock. With this reference, with the aim to have a notion of the medium we live in and the outer space, not to get lost in the infinite answer-searching roads and directions, it is essential and rational to resort to the authoritative sources. Thus, such spring-well of our world perception formation is a scope of information received via constant research making stream. Therefore, taking into consideration the accumulated and currently obtained data, let’s take a walk into the planetarium and try to explore the Sun and the Moon, two contradictory and coherent entities. For this reason, our attention will be focused on elucidation of some inherent and enquiry-driven aspects which can assist us in making the review outline. Hence, we are going to shed the light on the Sun and the Moon structure and another quaint, intricate phenomenon concerned with the subject matters on question – eclipse. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Natural characteristics of the Sun and the Moon. Striking, as it may be, what wonders can exist. At least the two of them are the Sun and the Moon both being celestial bodies with their specificities, features and peculiarities. Both of the entities are the constituents of the solar system. A. Criteria for comparison of the bodies of the Solar System To have a clear idea of the differences and similarities, it is necessary to examine the following criteria: position in the Solar System size; mass. B. The Sun characteristics. The Sun in the Solar system is a central star in the Solar System. Its diameter is about 1,392,000 km. The Sun is distanced from the Earth at about 149.6 million kilometers, what can change depending on the Earth movement. The hydrogen gas the Sun consists of enables the process if light emission. By means of photos we can see this light dispersion in the form of waves. Moreover, such pictures give us opportunity to view some other fascinating points such as color and surface. The inner core nuclear processes taking place in the Sun produce temperature of more than 10 million degrees (Kelvin). As a result, the Sun comprises a container of constantly boiling scope of gases. It’s probably hard to imagine how immensely much it is, speaking about the Sun’s mass being about 2 Ãâ€" 1030 kilograms. Regarding the way the Sun looks, it is changeable and depends on gas reaction. C. The Moon characteristics.   Unlike the Sun, the Moon is the Earth’s natural satellite. What is more, it takes an honorable place in the Solar System being the largest of natural satellites and the second densest. The structure of the Moon can be seen as plains dark in color, which are believed to have once been constituted by lava that with time span became solid. When judging the Moon’s size, we may state, that it’s  ¼ the diameter of the Earth. With reference to its mass, it also can’t but strike the human’s imagination - 7.3477 Ãâ€" 1022 kg. The whole Moon’s surface is covered with numerous craters resulted from asteroid activity in the past. D. Color perception   In contrast to the Sun’s color which is actually white though seems to the human eye as yellow, the Moon in its turn is just the giant reflector of the Sun’s light. Still, we also perceive the Moon as a light radiating entity. It’s a curious interaction, isn’t it? In this case we deal with an interesting trick of the eye sight.  Ã‚   II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eclipse. Giving the fact the Sun and Moon are the Solar System bodies, they are astonishingly interconnected. Now and again the world population can watch an exquisite scenery that blows up everyone’s skirt. Such Universe phenomenon comes to be eclipse.   When the Moon, Earth and Sun happen to be in one row like a chain we can see lunar and solar eclipse. In case when the Earth in this row appears in the middle between the Sun and Moon, we have the opportunity to observe the lunar eclipse. Contrary to this, is the scenario of solar eclipse. When the Moon and the Earth exchange their positions, the line is the following Sun, Moon and Earth. To make the long story short, we, humans, can’t examine, observe and study such unique celestial bodies as the Sun and Moon irrespective of the Earth, which we inhabit. Ahead of us we have a myriad of secrets that the infinite and boundless Universe conceals under the curtain of mystery.

Individual Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Individual Report - Essay Example Based on this concept, I examine my everyday practices to gain self-awareness and to critically assess my response to various situations. Although learning through experience plays an important role in the development of the professionals, often experience alone is not sufficient for learning. One needs to reflect or revisit the experience so that it is not forgotten. Reflection is an operation of mind which gives rise to new ideas and thoughts (Scharp, 2008). This operation helps understand and handle different situations and once you reflect on an idea you gain an entirely new view on how it appeared to you in the first instance. Therefore in my opinion, reflection helps understand a situation better while forming a link between theory and practice. Brigden and Purcell (2014) stated that unless a link is established between theory and practice, reading based on evidence is of little use. Hence it can be said that reflection has helped me develop the most effective delivery in terms of student learning which is also both manageable and practicable. This report shares my personal experiences and reflections on my action learning exercise. We were assigned an action learning task in which we have to work as a group. As a group we worked as an action learning set where we have to work in coordination with each other to accomplish the task of preparing the presentation. I am reflecting on that experience to learn from its outcomes as Surgenor (2011) emphasised that when you become aware of your shortcomings and reflect upon them you take appropriate steps to correct them. Through observation and analysis, one becomes able to figure out the problems and rectify them. This report is a reflective essay to help me learn from my experience of the group work. I used the Kolbs Model as a guide while assessing my experiences in this action learning exercise. Kolb’s learning

AVAYA Case Study (Marketing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AVAYA Case Study (Marketing) - Essay Example The firm faces competition from large global multinational firms and local regional service providers. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and formulate tactics and strategies to improve the marketing function at Ayala Corporation. Ayala has sever heal fundamental problems that are impeding the firm from achieving greater levels of growth. The company has several marketing and sales offices responsible for different strategic purposes. The decisional power is divided among too many places, a scenario that slows down the implementation process. Another problem is that the company separates marketing and sales considering them separate departments. This operating structure is inefficient because it creates inconsistencies in the approaches utilized to generate revenue. Sales generation is a task that should be handled by the marketing department and it should never have a separate leadership team responsible for its functionality. Ayala has to streamline its operation to integrate sales with the marketing department. The operation strategy of separating marketing and sales is risky because it can lead to internal disinformation, contrast philosophical approaches, and inconsistencies, and complications integratin g different sets of information packets. A new system that gives greater power over sales must be designed in a manner that the sales people are given the freedom to operate with autonomy to minimize the risk of conflict. A troublesome issue at Ayala is that the company utilizes a lot of indirect channels to generate sales. Indirect channels account for 53% of the company’s sales generation. The use of external channels undermines the ability of Ayala to implement its marketing campaigns effectively and to provide a level of customer service aligned with the company’s expectations. The strategy does have the advantage of lowering labor overhead, but it does not allow the firm to develop the abilities of its own

Extreme Couponers Essay Example for Free

Extreme Couponers Essay 1. Look at the examples of extreme behaviors described in the article, then go online and find one more example of extreme consumers. Describe it in detail and discuss how you would deal with these consumers if you were a marketer for the company whose product(s) these extreme consumers are infatuated with. 2. Why do you think so many managers actively avoid or are wary of extreme consumers?  Another example of an extreme consumer is the shopper who radically values savings, specifically those achieved through the use of couponing. You may have heard about them from the television, or even waited in line behind one at the grocery store. These are people who go to extremes to save money by spending copious amounts of time clipping coupons from paper media advertisements. Often manufacturers will promote their goods by offering a limited discount if you redeem one of the coupons they have distributed through their marketing channels. It has even become something of a fad with television shows such as â€Å"Extreme Couponing,† which highlights some of these super-savvy consumers. As a marketer for one of these companies distributing these savings, I would embrace the shopper who takes the time to search for deals by offering more savings for continued purchases or even higher quantity orders. Even with a reduced profit margin, the company will see increased revenues through number of units sold. Managers may actively or even passively avoid some of these extreme consumers because they are intimidated by their product knowledge or they just don’t want to dedicate a larger portion of time to someone who has an obvious infatuation. They may dismiss these people as crazy or neurotic and simply not devote any part of their day to minding them. It would be better to encourage them and consequently heightening the consumer’s already loyal tendencies.

Under the Gaslight: The Character of Laura Courtland Essay -- Under th

Under the Gaslight: The Character of Laura Courtland Under the Gaslight does indeed "acknowledge 'luck' or 'chance' or 'fate,' but it reinforces the importance of individual character at the same time that it suggests that integrity is not an absolute stay against the vicissitudes of circumstance" (159). This idea is mainly supported through the character of Laura Courtland--a symbol of both sides of the nature versus nurture debate. Laura was born into a prominent, upper class family, the Courtlands. Her mother, Mary, in particular is a kind and generous woman who instinctively knows when she has "a duty to perform" and acts on it (164). Laura seems to have inherited this determined and honorable manner. She has higher standards than the society she lives in. Regarding love, she realizes that true love is about loving what is on the inside and is not based on looks, class, or wealth. She says, "How happy must those women be who are poor and friendless, and plain, when some true heart comes and says 'I wish to marry you!''' (165). Laura is, as the saying goes, "...

Jean Watson theory Essay

Jean Watson’s Philosophy of Nursing NUR/403-Theories and Models of Nursing Practice August 9th, 2010 Introduction Jean Watson’s theories of nursing are instrumental in today’s structure of nursing. Watson’s theories are being practiced in various health care setting all over the world. One of these theories in the nursing process. This entails first assessing patient, planning, intervention and evaluation. There is multitude of research proving these theories to be effective in treating and caring for patients with this consistent approach. In this paper I will dissect her different carative factors learned and that is being practiced. I will discuss different examples of Watson’s theories of caring and its application. This will depict the level of importance and how valuable this approach certainly is. Nursing is also being based on more scientific approaches that Watson’s bases some of her theories. This is consistent with the changing nature of the philosophy of science and history, and the numerous methods for the advancing knowledge of nursing. Watson (19 99) Watson’s Theories Watson’s research is more focused on the caring aspect of it all. Caring is viewed as the moral ideal of nursing where there is utmost concern for human dignity and preservation of humanity as stated by Watson (1999). This focal point of her theory is the foundation in the science of nursing. Watson believed the center idea for nursing are based on various carative factors. These factors include humanistic- altruistic values, systematic use of the scientific problem-solving method for decision making, gratification of human needs, promotion of interpersonal teaching and learning. They also include qualities such as sensitivity to self and others, the need to instill faith and hope, creating trusting relationships, and promoting acceptance, positive feelings, making provisions for a supportive, protective and corrective mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual environment. Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). One imperative factor is the development of different transpersonal caring relationship. This is the concept of professional involvement with the participation of one’s entire self, using every dimension of a person as a resource in the professional relationship, This depicts a special kind of human caring relationship, a connection with another person, in high regard for the whole person and their sense of being. Human care begins when the nurse enters the space or field of another person, and is able to detect the other person’s condition, spiritually and emotionally, and can feel this condition within themselves, and responds in a way which the recipient feels open enough to convey and share those feelings longing or needed to be shared. (Watson, 1999). She believed that nurses should have and also further develop an approach of humanism, simply being able to convey common human feelings. Her teachings proves that effective caring promotes health in each individual and their well being. Conducive to health is also what a person’s perception of health is, as states by Watson, (1999). Watson believed that everything around us should be conducive to our wellbeing, whether it being creating a wholesome environment or nursing to our specific needs. For example just simply being in a clean environment can improve a person’s overall mood and thus enhancing chances for recovery. The act showing compassion and empathy is also pertinent to for one to achieve wellness. In experience, just the simple act of smiling conveys the feeling of caring. Cara (2003). For example, upon assessing a patient, just greeting them with a warm smile with direct eye contact can be a comforting feeling. It conveys sincerity and starts the process of a trusting nurse-patient relationship. Cultivating sensitivity to oneself and to others. This carative factor explores one’s ability to self assess as well assessing others. This explores the need of the nurse to feel or to begin to feel an emotion as it presents itself. If one’s own feelings aren’t properly developed or one does not know how to channel their own feelings, showing sensitivity to others may not be very successful. These feelings should be developed for one to interact with others on a genuinely sensitive level. Showing sensitivity among one another creates a higher level of  functioning within transpersonal relationships. Watson (2009). An experience I had with a patient comes to mind. A young man admitted to the hospital with multiple infections. He is observed to be very rude, sarcastic and shows a very negative attitude towards himself and his care providers. Upon receiving report about the patient, I felt reluctant in caring for him. The nurse stated he was unappreciative, obnoxious, demanding, and seemed very bitter. Upon greeting him and physically assessing him, I was cautious to thet kinds of questions I asked him. I was especially cautioushow I asked any questions and also my tone of voice. Upon making sure he had all his comforts and all requests were met I offered to share with him some details about my life. He listened keenly and I felt his interest. Soon after, he started sharing with me very personal details of his life as well. As Watson (1999) explained, nurses should spend uninterrupted time with your patients, commonly referred to as â€Å"caring moments.† He was depressed from being in and out of the hospital every other week. He was newly married and had a newborn baby, which he never got to spend time with or was able to help take care of. That quickly gave me insight to why he had such a negative disposition and also enlightened me to the sensitive manner in which he needed to cared with . Self awareness and actualization is an important component in having meaningful intrapersonal relationships. We should all strive to become more sensitive. This makes us as nurses, more authentic, evoking self growth and awareness to others. The nurse promotes health along with a higher level of functioning when meaningful person to person relationships are created. Humanistic/Altruistic system These values begin at a very early age in human beings. These are from shared experiences and lessons taught by ones parents or the environment. Altruism is a selfless concern for the wellness of others. If one is truly selfless in a humanistic manner, it comes from a place of sincerity. Individuals sometimes give of themselves hoping to get in return but the true approach which Watson teaches wishes nothing in return. Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). One’s ability to be altruistic is also  dependent on the level of selflessness. For example, working with ill and sometimes demanding patients day in and day out, one can become weary and can feel no need to go the extra mile for the small comfort of an individual’s need. For example, a individual comes in the hospital newly diagnosed with a fatal illness. The patient comes into the hospital alone, he is poorly dressed and does not seem to take very good care of himself hygienically. He does not requests much help. Even when in pain he did not ask for any pain medication. Upon doing my general assessment, it was easy to assess him emotionally as well. He had no family members with him for any support needed. He was weak from the disease process, he just could no longer take care of himself as he normally does. I thoughtlessly help him to get shaved and washed up before getting comfortable in bed. I also lent a listening ear as I asked him necessary questions about his health. I knew having someone help me out in this manner would make a difference in how I felt, so automatically and selflessly I did the same for him. If there is anything I am able to do for others that takes nothing but a simple effort, then I think the gratitude should be from bringing comfort and satisfaction where needed. This philosophy of offering selflessness to others is pivotal in the nursing role. Establishing a helping and trusting relationship. This factor in nursing has been in use for decades. The element of nursing and trust cannot be divided. Watson believed that different modes of communication establishes rapport and brings forth a caring relationship. She believed in the dynamics associated with a helping trust relationship, congruence, empathy and warmth. This means coming together in agreement, being able to put yourself in ones shoes and showing compassion. Communication varies from verbal to nonverbal ways of conveying messages and feelings. This includes actively listening in a warm manner that connotes empathetic understanding. As nurses we must especially listen to the demands of our patients no matter how big or small the need is. It is especially important to deliver on promises to patients. As it is often stated, it is better to under promise and over deliver. As simple as promising a patient to get them a meal and delivering it in a timely manner is a key example for building and maintaining a trusting relationship. Faith/hope The faith and hope factor can be a sensitive area when providing care. To many, It essential for patients to maintain a level of faith and hope. When a patient has nothing else to hold on to in the recovering process, having faith and being hopeful helps them to hold on to life. This is based on each individual’s belief and their perception of faith and hope, as well as the nurse’s understanding. I believe one has to properly assess the individual to whom this advice is being offered. This is imperative to know how well it will be accepted. It also depends on one’s cultural background. We should all be aware and be respectful of each individual’s beliefs and limitations. As stated by Suliman, Welmann, Omer & Thomas (2009), respect is easily acquired until there is a disagreement with what is recommended, at this point respecting the opposing persons choice becomes complex. In the instance that a patient or an individual can no longer rely on modern science for comfort it help to be able to hold on to your thoughts and beliefs otherwise known as hope. When a patient is given a death sentence from a disease process this may be the only thing that brings some peace of mind. For someone to look to you for your opinion at such a vulnerable moment in life means to me that my job is important to say the least. I have had different opportunities to carefully assess my patient and their life situations. This gave me the chance to divulge my opinions in the best acceptable manner suitable to my patients understanding. Conclusion Watsons’s theories has personally broadened my horizons personally and professionally. Researching her theories and concepts of nursing has given me immense insight on how to view and treat my patients in various situations. I find that her concept of caring is truly what the core element of nursing should be, or as she states it is the† true essence of nursing.†Watson, J. (1999). The nursing concepts developed by Watson have been tried and proven both professionally and personally. She provides many useful concepts  for the overall practice of nursing and the overall element of proving care for any individual. Watson ties together common theories in nursing education and thus the caring approach entity emerged. These carative factors can be implemented in any level of health care settings. It gives simple guidance to nursing and provides for better and more quality patient outcomes. Her approach unites all humanistic entities of the mind, body, and spirits for this caring, unique realm of nursing. Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). * * * * * * * * * * * * * * References * * Cara, C. (2003). A pragmatic view of Jean Watson’s caring theory. International Journal for Human Caring, 7(3), 51-61. * * Suliman, W., Welmann, E., Omer, T., & Thomas, L. (2009). Applying Watson’s NursingTheory to Assess Patient Perceptions of Being Cared for in a Multicultural Environment. Journal of Nursing Research (Taiwan Nurses Association), 17(4), 293-300. * * Watson, J. (1999). Nursing: Human science and human care, a theory of nursing. Sunbury, MA: NLN Press, Jones and Bartlett * * Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). The Attending Nurse Caring Model: integrating theory, evidence and advanced caring–healing therapeutics for transforming professional practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12(3), 360-365. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00774.x.

Interviewed Couple Essay

The family is regarded as the basic unit of society and as such, good parenting is important in order to strengthen the family as an institution. Nevertheless, the situation of every family is different. There are important factors such as age, cultural, background, financial stability, etc. that must be carefully considered in assessing the parenting style in every family. Being the case, it is necessary that the situation of families are given due importance and the most effective way to be able to understand parenting styles is through the face-to-face interaction with parents. In relation to this, Henry and Tanya Pietrkowski were interviewed when it comes to parenting their daughter, Sophia. The interviewees are Henry and Tanya Pietrkowski who are the parents of a 14 years old teenager. The first part of the interview is about the family background of the couple that involves their respective ethnicity and religion. Tanya has a German-Jewish and Russian Jewish ethnicity. She pointed out that there was a conflict between the German and Russian sides of her family. She grew up in a small town Georgia wherein Jews are regarded as a minority. On the other hand, Henry came from a family of first-generation American Jewish. His parents emigrated from Poland and were Holocaust survivors. Henry grew up in the north side of Chicago. In this part of the interview, the ethnicity and religious background of the couple is given importance because the place and way by which they grew up have a substantial effect in their corresponding beliefs and values about parenting (McDermott 4). In addition, through the conversation of the interviewer with the couple it was established that their ancestors were immigrants from other countries and regarded as a minority in the American society. Tanya even explicitly stated that she experienced living in a small town in Georgia wherein Jews are a minority. In terms of parenting, the cultural background of the parents is important, especially when it comes to dealing with teachers that will be responsible in educating their children. The parents and the teachers should be able to understand each other in terms of cultural context in order for them to properly guide the education and behavior of the child (McDermott 4). The interview with the couple also gives emphasis with the respective lessons that they learn from their parents regarding parenting. The couple explained that their parents veered away from the parenting styles of their grandparents because the latter experienced a very difficult childhood, which is why in the case of Tanya, her parents chose to live in Georgia so that she will not experience the difficulties that they went through. Both the parents of the couple are disciplinarians. Nevertheless, they were still able to maximize their skills and talents even though their parents are not financial stable. Tanya’s father was an art professor, which make it easier for her to develop her singing, running, debating, and other skills because her father provided her with private lessons with his colleagues in the academe. Tanya’s father exemplified the ability of parents to give the necessary their children by means of supporting their interests, which eventually served as a huge help in maximizing their potentials as individuals (Heath 316). Unfortunately, Tanya admitted that her parents were not able to address the issues that they have during their childhood, which makes it difficult for them to instill the necessary values to her and her brother. Furthermore, Tanya and her mother also have disagreements on the way Tanya raised her daughter, especially when it comes to financial matters and the values that she teach her daughter. The problem of Tanya’s parents in teaching values to their children is brought about by unresolved childhood issues, which is discussed by Erik Erikson in the stages of development. Tanya’s parents were not able to properly go through the different stages of development, which is why their unresolved childhood issues still affects their parenting style (Elkind 9). Moreover, the disagreement between Tanya and her mother is also caused by the failure of the mother to properly develop into an adult that has the necessary financial stability and value fulfillment (Newman and Newman 317). The second part of the interview involves the conversation about the marriage of the couple and their decision to conceive a child. Based on the answer of the couple, they were only 13 months married when Tanya became pregnant. The couple already acknowledges the idea that they will become parents but they did not expect that it will happen very soon. However, even though the child came very early in their marriage the couple was able to fulfill their respective dreams of being married first and having a stable job before having a baby. In this situation, the couple was individually fulfilled before having a baby, which is essential in their growth process as adults and eventually has a good effect in their parenting (Simon and Lambert 91). The last part of the interview is about the parenting of the couple. It is clearly observable that the couple also wants the best for their daughter, in terms of her living a better life as compared to them. The couple has their own parenting style that is different from their parents because their experienced taught them their parents lack the necessary tending in the way they were raised (Taylor 34). Moreover, the couple also moved to a part of Chicago that has Jewish community in order for their daughter not to feel isolated. They also enrolled their daughter to a Jewish school in order for her to have a strong Jewish faith unlike them. The couple admitted that they do not have any specific parenting style for their daughter wherein they did not establish any parenting roles of rules that their daughter need to follow. The couple just goes with the flow of parenting but they believed that they were able to raise their children well because they listen to her, which is important in parenting. The couple advised other parents that the right way of parenting is by trusting one’s instinct, which is actually true in the most current studies that there is â€Å"no single recipe for successful parenting† because every family have different issues, backgrounds, beliefs, and values that must be considered in identifying the right parenting style (Maccoby 451).

Turning a Lifes Work into a Book †By Sallyann Della Casa

Turning a Lifes Work into a Book - By Sallyann Della Casa Turning a Life's Work into a Book - An Interview with Sallyann Della Casa Literary pursuits and social action come together naturally  in  Sallyann Della Casa's world. Being a pioneer in using the written word to draw attention to her entrepreneurial work, she has unique lessons to share. We were very excited to find out more about her decision to work with Reedsy editors while being associated with a traditional publishing house. Whether you're a writer or a business leader looking for interesting ways to talk about what you do, there's a lot here for everyone.  Hi Sallyann, thanks for being with us today! You are the author of Who Will I Become, and the founder of the Growing Leaders Foundation. Can you tell us a bit about the book,  and its link to the foundation?The book, WHO WILL I BECOME, is a visual roadmap of the Foundation’s leadership work to  date. This first edition focuses on the Caribbean region where the Foundation started (my place  of birth). The 2nd edition will focus on the Middle East region. The photography and inspi ring  words are meant to incite storytelling between youths and adults as they explore instances  where the directed and thought provoking words may apply or could apply to their own lives,  past and future.The concept of the book has existed since 2010 when I created the Foundation. I wrote the  Love Letter to a Leader of Tomorrow back then, and it has never changed, meaning the entire  book is designed around this love letter we all deserve to receive in our lifetime.Books have always been my most reliable, consistent mentor. I wanted to create one that  could give the wisdom of generations to youths and adults who may have lost their way, from all  cultures. This is why there will be 7 versions of the book to represent various regions of the  world as I explore their cultures and what leadership feels and looks like for each. "Books have always been my most reliable, consistent mentor."@SallyannDC Author Sallyann Della Casa holding her book Who Will I BecomeComing from a tiny Caribbean island, Trinidad and Tobago, with only 1.3 million people and a  limited budget, a book is a terrific way to create a legacy for the Foundation, secure an income  stream (we are a social enterprise and not donor dependent) and also continue our impact -   each book gives the reader access to our leadership lessons through a unique code which they  can utilize on their own to help us grow leaders in their own communities.You’ve embraced the concept of a â€Å"book as a business card†, how did it work out for  you? What impact has the book had so far on your foundation?I recently wrote an article about this in Arabian Business, i.e. a book being the new business  card. I think in the world we live in today, we are super keen to learn more about the texture of  others; their worldview, their value system, etc. It is for this reason that we have such a huge  infatuation with each other’s content through social media, blogs and all. There is no better way to transfer your knowledge, experiences and/or diverse content other than through a book. There is just something about a book that gives roots to what you need to say to the world, how  you feel, who you are and what you stand for. I think everyone is a biography and a book waiting to happen and if we live our lives knowing this... just imagine the possibilities for each  and every one of us.With regards to me personally, the fact that I am now a published author is rewarding on so  many levels. As a lover of books, having my own is mind boggling. I also get photos and emails  from all over the world about how my book has changed someone’s life or impacted someone  else. You cannot even imagine what that feels like to read one of those emails. "I think everyone is a biography and a book waiting to happen" @SallyannDC Recently, I went on a book tour and visited classrooms in the Caribbean using the book and the  kids went berzerk, asking me for autographs not only on their books, but all over their clothing  and school bags, sweaters etc. It truly is the most powerful feeling ever to spark something  deep within another that awakens their potential. How blessed am I really to be the chosen  vehicle for a book that does this really magical thing?In terms of the Foundation, the book not only generated steady income but I have literally now  allowed anyone who purchases the book to access our leadership lessons for youths and  adults. This allows them to light their own candles in the world and allows the Foundation to  increase the outcome of our work tenfold by empowering others with our tools.What would be your top tips for other business or foundation owners when it comes to  writing a book (or having it ghostwritten) and publishing it?We all have something to teach and/or a story to tell... so share it out loud in a book. I say this  especially to those of us in the area of making this world a better place. You simply do not know how what you are doing or what you know can lift up another, give knowledge or inspire courage. In today’s publishing world, you can easily design, write and publish a book on your own. The traditional publishing way of needing an agent and a publisher has been turned on its head There are so many resources to help you do it right.I am now working on my second book, a 50,000+ word full manuscript which is very different  from my first book. To say it is hard, especially given I have no writing experience whatsoever,  would be an understatement. But I was really fortunate in that a publisher, Jaico Books, noticed  my work and approached me to write an adult audience leadership book. So I encourage you to  keep writing and putting your content out there in the world since you never know who may  notice.So you’re with a traditional publisher, but you still came to Reedsy to find an  independent editor to work with. What was the reason for that?Yes, normally a traditional publisher does all the editorial reviews for a book; especially if they  approached you to write it. In my case I came to Reedsy for three reasons.First I wanted a different persp ective on my book. My publisher is focused on the Indian market  but I want my book to have international appeal, so I was looking for diverse feedback.  Also, I have to admit I was a bit insecure about some of my writing. Before submitting some  chapters to my publisher, I chose to get a lot of help and feedback from my Reedsy editors. It was super affordable and I figured I had nothing to lose to get a next set of eyes on my work.I was very open to my publisher about having outside editors looking at my work. And they  actually noticed and complimented me on the huge difference in the chapters being submitted;  so it really worked out for me.Most importantly, my confidence is up and I have found my mojo and grit to keep writing away  to complete this second book within the next month so we can see it on bookshelves in 2017. "The three reasons why I came to Reedsy while working with a traditional publisher" @SallyannDC You’ve hired two editors through Reedsy: Maria D’Marco and Dick Hill: did you notice  any differences in their methods, or in the things they picked up?Dick and Maria are both wonderful and different as night and day in their approaches. Dick is  very methodical doing word ­-for-word editing. He does not touch the shape of the work but he  cleans up the grammar so it all makes perfect sense i.e. he has been super helpful in clearing  up what I want to say without disturbing my work. He is also very professor- ­like and I almost feel  like I have a babysitter that keeps me writing.Maria is extremely different in that she confidently pokes holes in the work and makes  suggestions or asks questions. She causes you to wonder if the shape of your work is correct or  if it should be round or square in certain parts. She forces you to think through what you are  writing or meaning to say. This is super helpful to me since she adds light and allows air into the  work. I am saving a lot of her comments for my final manuscript where I will have the full  editorial review from my publisher. I have a feeling this is where I will get a full appreciation of  how brilliant Maria actually is. Maria is also so positive and encouraging... she actually made me feel like I am writing a bestseller of sorts!We know you cannot wait, get yourself a copy of  Who Will I Become here.Did Sallyann's experiences seem familiar to you? Let her know, join the conversation by leaving your  thoughts, comments, or questions below.

Major Events That Led to the American Revolution

Major Events That Led to the American Revolution The American Revolution was a war between the 13 British Colonies in North America and Great Britain. It lasted from  April 19, 1775, to  Sept. 3, 1783, a little over 8 years, and resulted in independence for the colonies.   Timeline of the War The following timeline discusses the events that led to the American Revolution,  beginning with the end of the French and Indian War in 1763. It follows the thread of increasingly unpopular British policies against the American colonies until the colonists objections and actions led to open hostility. The war itself would last from 1775 with the Battles of Lexington and Concord until the official end of hostilities in February 1783. The Treaty of Paris was later signed in September of the same year. 1763 February 10 - The Treaty of Paris ends the French and Indian War. After the war, the British continue to fight a number of Indian rebellions including one led by Chief Pontiac of the Ottawa Indians. The financially draining war combined with the increased military presence for protection will be the impetus for many future taxes and actions of the British government against the colonies.October 7 - The Proclamation of 1763 is signed forbidding settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains. This area is to be set aside and governed as Indian territory. 1764 April 5 - Grenville Acts pass parliament. These include a number of acts aimed at raising revenue to pay for the French and Indian War debts along with the cost of administering the new territories granted at the end of the war. They also include measures to increase the efficiency of the American custom system. The most objectionable part was the Sugar Act, known in England as the American Revenue Act. It increased duties on items ranging from sugar to coffee to textiles.April 19 - The Currency Act passes Parliament, prohibiting the colonies from issuing legal tender paper money.May 24 - Boston town meeting protesting the Grenville measures. James Otis first discusses the complaint of taxation without representation and calls for the colonies to unite.June 12-13 - Massachusetts House of Representatives creates a Committee of Correspondence to communicate with the other colonies about their grievances.August - Boston merchants begin a policy of nonimportation of British luxury goods as a form of protest against the British economic policies. This later spreads to other colonies. 1765 March 22 - The Stamp Act passes parliament. It is the first direct tax on the colonies. The purpose of the tax is to help pay for the British military stationed in America. This act is met with greater resistance and the cry against taxation without representation increases.March 24 - The Quartering Act goes into effect in the colonies requiring residents to provide housing for British troops stationed in America.May 29 - Patrick Henry begins the discussion of the Virginia Resolutions asserting the right that only Virginia has the right to tax itself. The House of Burgesses adopts some of his less radical statements including the right to self-government.July - Sons of Liberty organizations are founded in towns across the colonies in order to fight against the stamp agents, often with outright violence.October 7-25 - Stamp Act Congress occurs in New York City. It includes representatives from Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Is land, and South Carolina. Petition against the Stamp Act is created to be delivered to King George III. November 1 - The Stamp Act goes into effect and all business is basically stopped as colonists refuse to use the stamps. 1766 February 13 - Benjamin Franklin testifies before Parliament about the Stamp Act and warns that if the military is used to enforce it, this could lead to open rebellion.March 18 - The Stamp Act is repealed. However, the Declaratory Act is passed which gives the British government the power to legislate any laws of the colonies without restriction.December 15 - The New York Assembly continues to fight against the Quartering Act, refusing to allocate any funds for housing the soldiers. The crown suspends the legislature on December 19th. 1767 June 29 - Townshend Acts pass parliament introducing a number of external taxes including duties on items like paper, glass, and tea. Additional infrastructure is set up to ensure enforcement in America.October 28 - Boston decides to reinstate nonimportation of British goods in response to the Townshend Acts.December 2 - John Dickinson publishes Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies explaining the issues with British actions to tax the colonies. It is highly influential. 1768 February 11 - Samuel Adams sends a letter with the approval of the Massachusetts Assembly arguing against the Townshend Acts. It is later protested by the British government.April - An increasing number of legislative assemblies support Samuel Adams letter.June - After a confrontation over Customs violations, John Hancocks ship Liberty is seized in Boston. Customs officials are threatened with violence and escape to Castle William in Boston Harbor. They send out a request for help from British troops.September 28 - British warships arrive to help support the customs officials in Boston Harbor.October 1 - Two British regiments arrive in Boston to maintain order and enforce customs laws. 1769 March - A growing number of key merchants support nonimportation of goods listed in the Townshend Acts.May 7 - George Washington presents nonimportation resolutions to the Virginia House of Burgesses. Proclamations are sent out from Patrick Henry and Richard Henry Lee to King George III.May 18 - After the Virginia House of Burgesses is dissolved, the delegates including George Washington meet at the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg to endorse the nonimportation agreement. 1770 March 5 - Boston Massacre occurs killing five colonists and injuring six. This is used as a propaganda piece against the British military.April 12 - English crown partially repeals the Townshend Acts except for the duties on tea. 1771 July - Virginia becomes the last colony to abandon the nonimportation pact after the repeal of the Townshend Acts. 1772 June 9 - The British customs vessel Gaspee is attacked off the coast of Rhode Island. The men are set ashore and the boat is burned.September 2 - The English crown offers a reward for the capture of those who burnt the Gaspee. The offenders are to be sent to England for trial which upsets many colonists as it violates self-rule.November 2 - A Boston town meeting led by Samuel Adams results in a 21-member committee of correspondence to coordinate with other Massachusetts towns against the threat to self-rule. 1773 May 10 - The Tea Act goes into effect, retaining the import tax on tea and giving the East India Company the ability to undersell colonial merchants.December 16 - The Boston Tea Party occurs. After months of growing consternation with the Tea Act, a group of Boston activists dressed as Mohawk Indians and boarded tea ships anchored in Boston Harbor in order to dump 342 casks of tea into the water. 1774 February - All colonies except North Carolina and Pennsylvania have created committees of correspondence.March 31 - The Coercive Acts pass parliament. One of these is the Boston Port Bill which does not allow any shipping except for military supplies and other approved cargo to go through the port until the customs duties and the cost of the Tea Party are paid for.May 13 - General Thomas Gage, the commander of all British forces in the American colonies, arrives in Boston with four regiments of troops.May 20 - Additional Coercive Acts are passed. The Quebec Act is termed intolerable as it in part the southern boundary of Canada is extended into areas claimed by Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia.May 26 - Virginia House of Burgesses is dissolved.June 2 - A revised and more onerous Quartering Act is passed.September 1 - General Gage seizes the Massachusetts Colonys arsenal at Charlestown.September 5 - The First Continental Congress meets with 56 delegates in Carpenters Hall in Ph iladelphia. September 17 - The Suffolk Resolves are issued in Massachusetts urging that the Coercive Acts are unconstitutional.October 14 - The First Continental Congress adopts a Declaration and Resolves against the Coercive Acts, the Quebec Acts, the Quartering of troops, and other objectionable British actions. These resolutions include the rights of the colonists including that of life, liberty, and property.October 20 - A Continental Association is adopted to coordinate nonimportation policies.November 30 - Thomas Paine moves to America.December 14 - Massachusetts militiamen attack the British arsenal at Fort William and Mary in Portsmouth after being warned of a plan to station troops there. 1775 January 19 - The Declarations and Resolves are presented to parliament.February 9 - Massachusetts is declared in a state of rebellion.February 27 - Parliament accepts a conciliatory plan, removing many of the taxes and other issues brought up by the colonists.March 23 - Patrick Henry gives his famous Give me liberty or give me death, speech at the Virginia Convention.March 30 - The crown endorses the New England Restraining Act that does not allow for trade with countries other than England and also bans fishing in the North Atlantic.April 14 - General, now Governor, Gage in Massachusetts is ordered to use any force necessary to apply all British acts and to stop any buildup of a colonial militia.April 18-19 - Considered by many to be the beginning of the actual American Revolution, the Battles of Lexington and Concord begin with the British heading to destroy a colonial arms depot in Concord Massachusetts.

Compare and contrast the four great errors Essay

Compare and contrast the four great errors - Essay Example Incorrectly treating an event as the cause or the effect could obviously worsen a problem. It could not help someone to solve his or her dilemma in life. The proper solution to the problem could not be discovered due to this mistake. The second error refers to false causality. In this error, people tend to invent ideas to explain their actions (â€Å"The Four†). They do not want an event left unexplained or to remain a mystery. In other words, humans tend to provide reasons for their actions if possible. The third of the four great errors is the imaginary causes error. In this error, people formulate ideas which are far from the truth just to overcome their fear of the unknown (â€Å"The Four†). They always want to control a situation. As compared with the third error, this one has no basis. It is simply a product of one’s imagination. The last error is called by Nietzsche as the free will error. It is his contention that this concept is an illusion, suggested fo r the purpose of guilt imposition and punishment (â€Å"The Four†). On the other hand, Chomsky’s â€Å"necessary illusions† involve the illusionary ideas that the media offers to the public specifically in the United States. He believes that these illusions are sometimes needed to prevent an excess of democracy to happen (Chomsky 2).

Paper about TANF known by americans as welfare Essay

Paper about TANF known by americans as welfare - Essay Example It advocates the need for jobs, marriages, two parent families and also tries to prevent out of marriage pregnancies. Sharon Hays through her book â€Å"Flat Broke with Children† gives us an interesting insight into the world of the social workers who aid in carrying out the welfare programs under TANF and also tell us the story from the view points of those who receive the aid. TANF which came in place of the Emergency Assistance program (EA), the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training (JOBS) was a welcome change to the social workers who all were involved with various welfare organizations throughout the United States of America. As Hays (2004) points out â€Å" most of welfare caseworkers I met were optimistic about the new law, at least in the first year of its enactment.....a number of case workers, echoing popular sentiment, told me that welfare had become a trap and the clients had become dependentâ₠¬  (Hays, 2004, p. 4). So the social workers felt that to impart training to the poor clients and make them suitable for various jobs would be a change of scenario, both for the worker and the recipient. However as Hays travels through the various phases of this program and meets various clients and aid workers over an extended period of time she finds many pitfalls in this assistance program. Though facts and figures prove that this program is a resounding success but as we travel with Hays we find that not everything is as rosy as it seems. Her research work which nearly extended for about three years gives us, in vivid details, as to the happenings in the various welfare program offices and in the homes of the recipients of this aid. She explores the various social values that this aid program tries to instill in its recipients and the inherent contradictions that arise while trying to apply these values in every day

Electronic health record Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Electronic health record - Essay Example Although transfer of records into electronic forms began in 1960s, however, since last few years, governments and healthcare organizations are putting efforts to ensure a standardized implementation of electronic health records that has resulted in debates and discussions regarding their benefits and possibilities. In this regard, this paper is an attempt to contribute in the same stream that will include discussion on electronic health records. Specifically, analysis (Green & Bowie, pp. 107-116) has indicated that a number of healthcare organizations have records of their patients in electronic form; however, experts have identified that few specific components should be present, in order to provide a legal status to the EHR, and thus, absence of any essential component may result in its illegality. In this regard, experts believe that it calls for an initiative on national or state level to promote such practice of maintaining electronic health records that although will be a chall enging process but will result in long-term benefits. However, studies (Green & Bowie, pp. ... Thus, it is imperative that authorities should take steps to provide awareness to stakeholders regarding the importance of EHR in research, legal, and financial matters besides its significance in patient care. In other words, there is a need for healthcare organizations to acquire an understanding of EHR as an opportunity rather than a requisite to enhance quality of care. In particular, provision of inclusive, consistent, important, and reachable information is one of the major factors of success in healthcare industry, and EHR can play a pivotal role in allowing the organizations to fulfill this requisite in their capacities (Busch, pp. 23-46). In addition, it is observation that EHR indicates huge potential for organizational savings and experts have already indicated its potential for reducing or even eliminating inefficiency on the workplace level, as studies have indicated a huge number of issues due to dependence of clinicians on paper-based health records. However, as paper- based health record maintenance has benefits and loopholes, it is the same in case of EHR. The major issue in transitioning from manual to electronic is lack of awareness, especially technological awareness that is the foremost requisite for EHR that has been the major barrier in successful transition to EHR automated environment. Reports have pointed out that electronic health record systems require continued updating in terms of its technology, as well as in terms of its users’ awareness. However, besides this barrier, EHR has a number of different benefits that dominate it over manual health records. In case of ‘manual health record’, healthcare organizations and providers

Blood Pressure & Pulse during exercise Essay Example for Free

Blood Pressure Pulse during exercise Essay Introduction: The blood pressure of a person is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries per unit area. The blood pressure unit is mmHg. The blood pressure of an individual is expressed in two ways, the systolic (due to the contraction of the ventricle) and diastolic, (due to the relaxation of the ventricle). The normal blood pressure of an individual is 120/80 (systolic / diastolic). Various factors can alter a persons blood pressure; this includes exercise, smoking, stress, diseases and age. Materials and Methods: Stepping stool, timer, blood pressure measurement kit (Sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope) and students in-groups of four. In each group one student acted as a patient, while the other acted as a physician or nurse. Another acted as the timekeeper. The fourth student acted as the data recorder. The base-line pulse rate and blood pressure of the patient (student) were obtained. The patient was asked to perform stepping up and down the stool 30 X within 5 minutes. After the stepping stool exercise, the patients blood pressure and pulse rate were immediately obtained again. After resting for 2 minutes, the measurements were repeated and also after 5 minutes. In order to obtain more data each student in the group acted as a patient and the measurements were repeated.

Coelomate And Acoelomate :: essays research papers

Most animal phyla originated in a relatively brief span of geological time, however the diversity among them is extraordinary. Every organism is very unique a detailed in certain ways, comparisons of certain types of organisms can be very difficult. The class in which will be compared is that of the invertebrates. The main difference between coelomate and acoelomate body plans are that coelomates have a true coelom, which is a fluid-filled body cavity completely lined by tissue which is derived from mesoderm. The purpose of this cavity is to cushion the suspended organs to help them prevent injury, enables internal organs to grow and move independently from the outer body wall. Acoelomates, though, lack a cavity between the digestive tract and the outer body wall. An example of an acoelomate would be a flatworm, or planarian, While an example of a coelomate would be a rotifer. The differences between protostome and deuterostome development are the characteristics in their cleavage, their coelom formation, and the fate of their blastopore. Many protostomes undergo spiral cleavage. In spiral cleavage, planes of cell division occur diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo. The cleavage also determinates, which casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early. In deuterostomes, they undergo radial cleavage, where the cleavage planes are either parallel or perpendicular to the vertical axis of the egg. Deuterostomes are further characterized by indeterminate cleavage, which means that each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo. Indeterminate cleavage of the human zygote allows identical twins to be possible. In a protostome, as the archenteron forms, solid masses of mesoderm split to form the coelomic cavities, or schizocoelous development. In deuterostomes, the development of body cavi ties, or enterocoelous, happens when the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron and hollows to become the coelomic cavities. The mouth of many protostomes develops from the first opening, the blastopore. The mouth of a deuterostome is derived from the secondary opening, and the blastopore usually forms the anus. The differences between radial and bilateral symmetry is that an animal with radial symmetry has parts that are arranged like the spokes of a wheel and a cut down the central axis, it would divide the animal into mirror images. Radial animals include hydra, jellyfishes, and their relatives. An animal with bilateral symmetry has a left and right side, and a cut down its central axis would divide the animal into mirror-image halves.

American Dream Synthesis

Kyrie Staab Mrs. Wieseman Hon. English 10 Dec. 18, 2012 Is Our American Dream Fading Away? The attainability and very existence of the American dream has been debated for many years. As the economy, politics, and social standings change, so do the expectations and beliefs about what the American dream should be and how one should go about achieving it. The main question involved in this debate is not so much whether the dream is alive or dead, but whether America’s dream can ever be fully realized.Even the most skeptic of men and women cannot deny that although the dream may be blurring around the edges, it is still very much alive in the minds and hearts of the people. For generations, the American dream has retained it’s basic definition: â€Å"Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness†. Immigrants to America-at least in years past-cling to this dream, hoping to find a better, happier, more secure life. One woman tells the story of a Russian family coming to live in the US in a BBC news article in March of 2011: â€Å"†¦ he American Dream meant liberty. But Isabel says it promised even more. ‘The Dream is to work, to have a home, to get ahead, you can start as a janitor and become owner of the building. ’† For almost everyone, the dream has been the same. In the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the two main characters, Lennie and George, share the desire to have a home: a small, safe place to call their own. This same dream has pushed generations of men and women to work hard to reach their goals despite social and economic obstacles.In a Los Angeles Times article in 2011, Gregory Rodriguez says practically the same thing. â€Å"The dream is the glue that keeps us all together. It’s the vague promise that our lot will get better over time that gives us the patience to endure whatever indignities we suffer at the moment. † In the novel, George especially encounters obstacles while trying to achieve both his and Lennie’s dream. However, the promise of a secure, happy, quiet life for himself and his friend encourages him to continue his work.Yes, it is unfortunately true that as time goes on, less and less people seem to believe that the American Dream is attainable. However, the reason for this may be because we have already achieved the original dream, but continue to expect more and more from a badly damaged economy. In the 60s Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ’s expression of the American Dream emphasized universal equality and compassion, and racial equality within our own borders. In a lecture to college students in 1964, King states that â€Å"If the American Dream is to be a reality we must develop a world perspective. He explains this by quoting John Donne and saying, â€Å"No man is an island entire of itself every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main†¦ Any man’s death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind. therefo re never send to know for whom the bell tolls, it tolls for thee. † Looking at today’s society, it would appear that this dream has, at least in part, been achieved. All people have the opportunity to earn a home, happiness, and security. At this point, the only thing stopping people from achieving their dreams are themselves.In John Steinbeck’s essay â€Å"Paradox and Dream† he says that â€Å"†¦ we are a restless, a dissatisfied, a searching people†¦ we seem to be in a state of turmoil all the time, both physically and mentally. † When Steinbeck goes on to say that the American Dream has very little to with reality in everyday life, he demonstrates how society prevents citizens from being satisfied when their dream is fulfilled. Is it possible that the expectations attached to the American Dream are unrealistic?Given today’s economy, the standards and expectations people have assigned to the American Dream do make it more difficul t to achieve. In Of Mice and Men, George and Lennie’s dream, though very simple and basic by today’s standards, was unrealistic, given Lennie’s handicaps. George’s dream is far more achievable with Lennie gone, even though Lennie is part of that dream. This example illustrates how the amount of effort one is willing to put into achieving their dream has changed. People today are not as willing to accept more realistic standards for their dreams.This is different even from just three years ago, when Katharine Q. Seelye said in her article â€Å"What Happens to the American Dream in a Recession? † that â€Å"Even though their economic outlook is worse, more people are saying they have either achieved the dream or expect to do so†¦ † She then quotes Barry Glassner, a professor of sociology: â€Å"‘You want to hold on to your dream even more when times are hard†, he said. ‘And if you want to hold on to it, then you better define it differently. ’† In her article, Seelye states that â€Å"people are shifting their definition of the American Dream†¦ ewer people are pegging their dream to material success and more are pegging it to abstract values. † If people today were to adopt this point of view, far many more citizens would achieve their dream. While standards and expectations change, the essential roots of the American Dream remain the same. The dream of having a prosperous, safe, happy life drives citizens to achieve more and improve themselves and the country. As long as these basic beliefs are held by even one citizen, the dream still lives. Works Cited Kay, Katty. â€Å"What is today’s American Dream?. BBC News U. S and Canada. (2011): n. page. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. . King, Dr. Martin Luther. â€Å"The American Dream. † Drew University, Madison, New Jersey. 5 Feb 1964. Lecture. Rodriguez, Gregory. â€Å"The American Dream: Is it slipping away?. † Los Angeles Times. (2010): n. page. Print. Seelye, Katharine. â€Å"What Happens to the American Dream in a Recession?. † (2009): n. page. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. Steinbeck, John. â€Å"Paradox and Dream. † Trans. Array Excerpts from â€Å"Paradox and Dream†. 1966. Print. Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. Penguin Group, 1937. Print.

How to Manage International Joint Venture Successfully Essay

There is serious increase in the number of organisations seeking to operate in today’s highly competitive global markets with sustainable competitive advantage. (Taylor, 2004; Ernst & Halevy, 2004). In order to achieve this international expansion, companies use different market entry strategies. Earlier study on IJVs reveals that international joint ventures are the most common means of internationalization (Ernst & Halevy, 2004). This paper shall present a review solution on how to achieve successful IJV alliance In general, international joint venture (IJV) is an equity sharing arrangement between a local firm and a foreign cooperation (government or private) coming together by putting all necessary resources together, sharing risk and operational controls to operate as one independent business entity to accelerate profit and growth or in order to achieve some strategic goals. (Craig C. Julian. 2000). In most IJVs, two companies merge together for the matter of ease and con venience, the two companies involve become the parent of the organization that surface from the merger (Geringer & Hebert, 1989). But there are situations where more than two companies form IJV, this is true in cases where already merged companies try to merge with other bigger companies to establish a single organisation â€Å"T0o compete in an international business environment, firms are forming joint ventures as a mechanism for the enhancement of global competitiveness.† (Cyr, 1995)† IJV can aid an organisation in achieving their business objectives in hostile and uncertain markets (Miller et al., 2007). Clayton-Smith (2012). Suggest that IJV â€Å"offer a great opportunity for multinational businesses to facilitate growth, to gain skill, capabilities, market access, etc.† (For example businesses can cut cost and boost growth by using the same human resources, deliver services with the same computing facilities and even share office infrastructures). IJV comes with many benefits, Kumar &Pavan (2012) describe benefits of IJV to an extent, that is, when companies partner together, they pro vide themselves strength, capacity and expertise to conquer new geographical markets, expand their product portfolio and also for diversification. There are few success stories associated with IJV, (Xerox &Fuji) decade of stormy partnership has survived well, with both companies praising their success on IJV alliance IJV alliances over the past decade have shown a promising future (Kumar&Pavan, 2012). Earlier research on IJV growth and risks by KPMG supports Kumar &Pavan (2012) claims. In (2005), A KPMG finding showed that 64% of US companies will opt for IJV alliances, and Also 52% decided to create a new alliance within two years. Various studies on IJV partnership showed a very optimistic future. Vast majority of executive’s reports show that their IJV alliance has generated about 40% in their annual revenue, Most times, IJVs are created so as to gain access into hostile and uncertain markets (Abroad), which might not be possible otherwise. Definitely two heads working together are better than one, in the same philosophy; two companies would work better than one. Obviously, there will be more resources available when you have two or more companies merged together This optimism of IJVs comes with huge risk, IJVs suffer from several draw backs, these draw backs are the primary reason behind the failure of a large number of IJV partnerships. Research by Kalmbach & Roussel (1999) reveals that 80% of IJVs have failed and only 20% were successful. Another similar study by Neal R. Goodman (2011) estimated 50 to 70 percent failure in International Joint Venture. Matthews (2001). produced a great piece of literature on the reasons behind the failure of IJVs, Matthews (2001) stated the following as defining characteristics of IJVs, â€Å"IJVs need strategic objectives, IJVs are full of management problems, IJVs need to adopt a viable organisation form, IJVs are always transitional structures You have to inject stability into IJVs- it is not there naturally† These characteristics can serve as possible drawbacks of IJVs. Hence giving room for criticism We can shuffle out some vital points from the above mentioned characteristics. The most important one of them is the â€Å"difficulty at the level of operation†. The concept of power control from multiple firms creates troubles and as a result affects the administration of the organisation. Before a merger, each company operate differently with their own set of policies, methods and strategies, when they merge and these fundamentals clash, it might result to problems within the organisation such inter- Organisational issues need serious attention and need to be dealt with in order for the venture to last. So, IJVs can serve as a backbone of organisational problems. These problems can as well cripple the growth of the organisation. Sometimes IJV fails due to the collaboration, culture, structured plans, control procedures, financial and legal mechanisms, and consensus management agreements in place (M.Nixon et al., 2012). Many of the Case Studies on IJV all tend to point to conflicts with vision ,trust, corruption , leadership struggles between both firms and as a result of this, troubles begins to fly in the face of IJV success, Typically. The company with the most shares in any IJV set up tend to have the highest form of authority or sometimes it is decided by voting, these are the methods used in setting up the management of the organisation in most cases. However this can be quite problematic in situations where companies involve have equal shares or even when one company has the minority. Proper representation of each company’s ideals and policies is off course a difficult job it becomes more difficult when the companies involve wide cultural differences. Failure to understand the ethics, values and norms of each other result to IJVs failure. Furthermore, Stability is always not associated with IJVs as it is very difficult to sustain stability in a venture. Many academics associate IJVs with a lifecycle, It is said that any organisation comprising of many different firms tends to be unstable short lived, Multiple firms forming an organization impart this inherent stability simply because of the variation in their individual nature, their culture, their role and their attitude. These cultural issues that adhere to IJV remain a major concern for an effective IJV collaboration. After a serious pounder on the drawbacks of IJVs, There are quite a few theories in place that can help achieve a successful IJV partnership. Kumar&Pavan (2012) defines collaborative strategy as the essential supporting structure for building successful alliances. According to Kumar&Pavan (2012), â€Å"collaborative strategy defines the factors the companies need to look at before forming a Joint Venture alliance. The following are the ‘Golden rules of partnership success’ as given by Cyr (1995)- * A balance of trust and self interest * Anticipation of conflicts * Clear definition of strategic leadership * Flexibility * Acceptance of cultural differences at the level of both the national culture and the corporate culture * Orchestration of technology transfer * Learning from the partner’s strengths In other to deal with some of the challenges that face IJVs today, it is very necessary to have a very strong strategic leadership in place, a leadership that is based by rules and procedures. With a stable leadership clearly in place, chances of conflict are minimized. The leader most be able to incorporate all the attitudes and views of both patties into policies and strategies that will help the organization prosper as a single entity Obliviously, when there are two or more companies within the alliance, every individual will be after the interest or profit that emerge from the venture, this is where the second point drift in, which is â€Å"Balance of self interest and trust† even supposing the international joint ventures has a dominant parent company in control, then interest of all companies involved must be kept intact. The companies involve must have a mutual trust in place and at all times be ready to share risk for the benefits of the organisation as a whole. The organisation at all time must be ready to resolve conflict between firms when they arise and also developing long term strategies for the future of the organisation. With trust in place within the organisation, companies tend to adjust to accommodate and have a clear understanding of each other’s nature of business. A clear understanding of each other’s nature of business (culture) can give a useful insight on how to create newer ways of operation in the organisation. In situations where companies come from different countries, National cultured is there to be coped with. Companies may emerge from the same country but different regions with different cultural setups, even in such cases the difference of cooperative culture is still there to be dealt with. Fair enough, this issue of culture difference can positively turn out as innovations in the field by learning from each other’s strength and weaknesses. Flexibility is a key to creating successful joint vent ures. Variation in cultural backgrounds is seen as a threat to the success of IJV, but it is as well considered that, the more the gap between the cooperating countries less is the chance of survival of the IJV (Barkema & Vermeulen, 1997). Adaptation is very important here. Obviously cultural variation can be quite problematic, but at the same time they can be useful when taken as lessons, and when mixed together to derive newer and better strategies of operation, by putting two or more cultures together not only will it boost growth but can also add to the consumer base. There is issue of management too, the management problem happen to be the most troublesome in IJVs, It is not the control that is the problem but the lack of effective communication. One of the industries that excel in IJV venture is the insurance industry, and good communication channel is among all partners is among the characteristics that contribute to the success of insurance IJVs, They try to maintain viable and con sistent internal harmony that is base on rules and procedures. Effective communication must be maintained at all time and throughout decisions making so that policies don’t appear unilateral or one sided More examples of successful IJVs emerge from Hungary where Hungarian companies inherit experience and knowledge from the parent companies. This is true of several companies from Hungary that have partnered with western organisation (Lyles & Salk, 2007). The western companies come in with new and better technology and also better ways of management and production, and this method have worked for the Hungarian companies with them having good results in return. So, it depends on the level of understanding and adaptability between the companies. Information, market and raw materials are mostly the necessary resources that are available during an IJV alliance.Utilization and circulation of these resources depend on the companies involved. However, the company that fails to utilise these resources end up getting terminated from the Venture alli ance. In 1997-98 up to 20000 IJVs deals were sealed in China (Zhang & Rajagopalan, 2002). One characteristic that help all these IJVs survive was that they were all formed under a governmental pressure. In this case, the intervention from government brought about stability within the organisation. Also companies were relieved off the tension of mutual dependencies which made the inter organisational relationships much easier. In this manner Inter partner credible threat was largely reduced. The rise of globalization and emerging economic power houses of Brazil, Russia, India, and China is seeing more new markets created. IJV will play a commanding role for multinational companies looking to partner with domestic businesses in those markets. As this review has shown the history of IJVs has not always been clear cut (it is a very difficult task to build a successful international joint venture alliance). The 80% failure in IJVs (Kalmbach & Roussel 1999) should not scare multinational companies as there are many different ways of facing this challenges that adhere to IJVs. Management and operation of the organisation must be clearly understood and controlled in a proper way and by the most appropriate individuals. All companies must involve in the operation of the organisation. No firm should be excluded in the affairs of the organisation. The companies involved should be open to change and adaptability so as to combine the best they can all offer. If these few aspect are properly practiced the IJV is doomed to survive Clayton-Smith, . (n.d). What makes a successful joint venture?. 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